Keyword

Altruism, Bhagavad Gita, Karma yoga, Karma yogi, Niskama Karma yoga, Service conscious ness

Abstract

Karma yoga is both simple and complex at the same time and as such requires a measured and reflective response. This paper in exploring the origins and fundamentals of karma yoga has sought to present interpretations in a clear and sattvic manner, synthesising key elements into seven life constructs. Karma yoga is revealed to have an eternal relevance, one that benefits from intimate knowledge of the Bhagavad Gita. By drawing on respected texts and commentaries it has striven to elucidate certain sacred teachings and give them meaning so that they become a guide for daily living.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the concept of Karma yoga and its place in the Bhagavad Gita and how this philosophical thought can influence people’s conduct and mindset. The study focuses on identifying the various dimensions of karma yoga, with special reference to Niskarma yoga and the life constructs drawn from it.

Design/methodology
The study has employed a qualitative research methodology. To achieve the study objectives, and identify the various constructs of the Niskama Karma yoga, the study used content analysis of three main texts authored by Swami Vivekananda, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Swami Chinmayananda as a source of reference and extensive literature review on various scholarly journal articles and relevant books that discussed extensively the concept of Karma Yoga, Niskarma Yoga and relevant key areas of the study.

Originality
The study identified seven distinctive, but interrelated dimensions of karma yoga termed as the heptagon of life constructs for the first time and these dimensions provide a practical template by which life can be lived.

Study Implications
The findings of this study would help an individual throughout their life journey whether it is in work environment, be it in social or personal life to enhance happiness, peace and satisfaction. The seven life constructs presented in this paper crystallise the relevance of karma yoga and by so doing present a challenge to every individual who seeks to aspire to live and fulfil them daily

 


Full Text : PDF

References
  • Ashish Rastogi; Surya Prakash Pati (2014), Towards A Conceptualization of Karma Yoga, Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode, working paper. 
  • IIMK/WPS/159/OBHR/2014/17
  • Badrinarayanan, V., and Madhavaram, S. (2008), “Workplace Spirituality and the Selling Organization: A Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions”, Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol 28 No 4, pp 421-434.
  • Bernard, T. (1981), Hindu Philosophy, Delhi: M. Banarsidass.
  • Bimal Chandra Gogoi (2014)    Karmayoga Of Bhagavad Gita - A Philosophical Analysis, International Journal of Humanities, Arts, Medicine and Science, Vol. 2, Issue 10, Oct 2014, 71-74
  • Dasgupta, S. (1991). A history of Indian phitosophy, Vol 1' Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas' (Original work published 1922.)
  • Dhivan Thomas Jones (2014), Two Meanings of Karma, Western Buddhist Review, 
  • https://thebuddhistcentre.com/westernbuddhistreview/two-meanings-karma, date of retrieval: 15.9.19
  • Easwaran, E., (1997). The End of Sorrow: The Bhagavad Gita for Daily Living (Vol. I), Mumbai: Jaico Publishing House Easwaran, E. (1999). Climbing the Blue Mountain: A Guide for the Spiritual Journey, New Delhi: Penguin Books
  • Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at Work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12 (4): 384- 412
  • Gandhi, M. K. (2017). The Gospel of Selfless Action or the Geeta according to Gandhi, Create Space Independent Publishing Platform
  • Hodge, D. R. (2004). Working with Hindu clients in a spiritually sensitive manner. Social Work, 49(1): 27-38
  • Jagat Pal (2001), “The concept of Niskama karma: Teleological or Deontological”? Indian Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 28 No 2
  • Kumar, A., & Kumar, S. (2013). Karma yoga: A path towards work in positive psychology. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(Suppl 2), S150–S152.
  • Mahadevan, T.M.P., (1958). The religio-philosophic culture of India. In Mulla, Z. R. & Krishnan, V. R., (2008). Karma Yoga, the Indian work ideal and its relationship with empathy. Psychology and Developing Societies, 20(1): 27 – 49
  • Menon, A. & Krishnan, V. R. (2004). Transformational Leadership and Follower’s Karma-Yoga: Role of Follower’s Gender. Journal of Indian Psychology, 22 (2): 50-62
  • Mulla, Z. R., and Krishnan, V. R. (2007), "Karma Yoga: Construct Validation Using Value Systems and Emotional Intelligence", South Asian Journal of Management, Vol 14(4), pp 116-136.
  • Narayanan, J. & Krishnan, V. R. (2003). Impact of Sattva and Rajas Gunas on Transformational Leadership and Karma-Yoga. Journal of Indian Psychology, 21(2): 1-11
  • Pradhan S (2013), Karma-Yoga (Spirit at Work) and Job Attitudes: Applying Indian Wisdom to Today’s Business Problems. Conference paper, website: 
  •  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304881895, date of accessed-2.09.19
  • Radhakrishnan, S. (1948 / 1993). The Bhagvadgita. Harper Collins publisher, India
  • Ramendra Singh and Rakesh Singh (2010); Salesperson’s Karma Orientation: A Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions, Working paper series: WPS No. 658/ June 2010, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta
  • Sharma, S. (1999). Corporate Gita: Lessons for Management, Administration and Leadership. Journal of Human Values, 5 (2): 103-123
  • Sheth, M. and Sheth, R. (1990). Management, Quality of Work-Life and Indian Psychophilosophy. In S.K. Chakraborty (Ed.). Human Response Development. New Delhi: Wiley Eastern.
  • Shrivastava, A.K. (1990). Karma Yoga. In S.K. Chakraborty (Ed.). Human Response Development. New Delhi: Wiley Eastern.
  • Singh, B. D. (1999) Relevance of Nishkama Karma Yoga in Today’s Business World, Vision - The Journal of Business Perspective, 3(2), pp. 26–31
  • Swami Mukundananda (2014), Bhagavad Gita - The Song of God, https://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/
  •  Swami Vivekananda (1896). Vedanta Philosophy: Eight Lectures on Karma Yoga (The Secret of Work), Hollister, MO: Yogebooks.
  • Tilak, B. G. (2000). srimad Bhagavadgita-Rahasya, (8. s. sukhantar, Trans.). poona: Kesari Press. (Original work pubtished 1915)
  • Vivekananda, S. (1999). The complete works of Swami Vivekananda, Volume /. Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama (Original work published 1907)
  • Zubin R. Mulla and Venkat R. Krishna (2006), “Karma yoga: a conceptualization and validation of the Indian philosophy of work”, Journal of Indian Philosophy, Vol.24, Nos. 1 & 2
  • Zubin R. Mulla and Venkat R. Krishna (2014), Karma-Yoga: The Indian Model of Moral Development, Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 123, Number 2, Pages 339-351. DOI 10.1007/s10551-013-1842-