Keyword

Hinduism, Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, demigods, Brahman, Bhagwan

Abstract

Purpose of the research: There is a misunderstanding among the general population whether Sanatan Dharma (Hinduism) is monotheistic or pluralistic. Followers of other religions often cite that Hindus worship 330 million gods and goddesses (i.e., demigods), implying that Hinduism is pluralistic. The main objectives of this paper are to gain greater insight into whether Hinduism is monotheistic or pluralistic, do Hindu’s worship millions of demigods, is there any necessity to worship demigods, and finally, who the ‘supreme divinity’ is?

Methodology: In order to identify various constructs related to the above objectives, an extensive literature search was performed based on the main scriptures of Hinduism, with various information systematically collated and presented.

Findings: Collating multiple layers of citations from various scriptures there is substantial evidence that Hinduism is monotheistic that the supreme divinity (Brahman) is One. According to Vedic sages, there are 33 types of demigods based on a belief system that demigods are the natural expansion of the supreme divinity. The converging evidence from various scriptures shows that Lord Sri Krishna is the supreme divinity, as Bhagwan to whom to worship for final liberation.

Conclusions: This review found strong and consistent evidence that Hinduism is monotheistic, and that there are 33 types of demigods. The supreme divinity is Lord Krishna. Whilst diversity is the essence, according to Bhagavad Gita, there is no requirement of worshipping any demigods—although followers can traditionally worship various gods and goddesses for their own spiritual satisfaction. These findings help to enhance the understanding of the fundamental questions of Hinduism and provide a better spiritual journey towards final liberation


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